HIV and AIDS

This report provides a global update on the progress in scaling up priority health sector interventions for HIV prevention, treatment, and care in 2008 toward a goal of universal access. Of 192 United Nations member states, 158 reported data to WHO, UNICEF, and UNAIDS, including 139 low-and middle-income and 19 high-income countries, with higher reporting rates for many indicators, compared with 2007. This allowed for more comprehensive global analysis of the health sector’s achievements toward universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care.

This report updates and combines earlier versions of guidelines for preventing and treating opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-exposed and infected children. The guidelines discuss opportunistic pathogens that occur in the United States, including one that might be acquired during international travel.

This report describes the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico in 2006. The Puerto Rico Department of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data on diagnoses of HIV infection, including infections that occurred in 2006 and in previous years, and used a stratified extrapolation approach developed by CDC to generate HIV incidence estimates. Results indicate that in 2006, an estimated 1,440 individuals aged 13 years or older were newly infected with HIV.

This report presents data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) collected during May 2005-February 2006 and analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The report is based on interviews conducted with injecting drug users (IDUs) in 23 metropolitan statistical areas. Data on eight selected HIV-associated behaviors were analyzed.

This report summarizes the diagnoses and prevalence of HIV/AIDS by race/ethnicity using data for cases of HIV infection and AIDS reported to CDC through June 2008. Estimated numbers of cases of HIV infection are presented, including cases of HIV infection that progressed to AIDS. Data are stratified by the following races and ethnic groups: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and white.

This report presents data for 2002-2007 on sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. Data were compiled from the National Vital Statistics System and multiple surveys and surveillance systems that monitor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The report addresses three primary topics: (1) current levels of risk behavior and health outcomes; (2) disparities by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic residence; and (3) trends over time.

This report presents estimated numbers of cases of diagnosed HIV/AIDS from the 39 areas (34 states and five US dependent areas) with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003. It also includes the following statistics reported to the CDC through 2007: (1) cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV incidence, and cases of AIDS; (2) deaths; (3) persons living with HIV/AIDS, HIV infection (not AIDS), or AIDS; (4) survival after AIDS diagnosis, and (5) reports of cases of HIV Infection (not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS reported through 2007.

This report summarizes results of a survey of 29 black 17-25 year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) who were diagnosed with HIV infection during January 2006-April 2008 in the three-county Jackson Mississippi area. The survey was conducted by the Mississippi State Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study examined risk behavior and HIV testing behavior of the participants.

This report is based on data from a household survey from 21 sub-Saharan African countries. The study examined trends in orphanhood and living arrangements and the links between the two. The extent to which orphan rates are associated with these trends is investigated and whether there is a tendency for orphaned children in countries with high and increasing orphan rates to live with more distant relatives, evidence that would support the claim that rising orphan rates are placing pressure on the extended family.