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HIV and AIDS

Tuberculosis and AIDS

This report, for health professionals, government agencies, and organizations, presents information about HIV/AIDS and TB. It provides epidemiological statistics concerning the relationship between HIV/AIDS and TB, including incidence, morbidity rates, and mortality rates. It discusses TB and HIV transmission, how HIV can facilitate the development of active TB, and recommendations for the prevention of TB among HIV-positive persons.

Prisons and AIDS: UNAIDS Point of View

This technical update reviews the incidence and prevalence of HIV in correctional facilities around the world and explains how this morbidity rate impacts the general public. The risk factors for HIV transmission in correctional facilities are reviewed and include drug injection, unprotected sexual relations, tattooing, skin piercing, blood brotherhood rites, lack of education, TB, and overcrowding. Suggestions for preventing the transmission of HIV in correctional settings are presented.

MMWR: Clinical Update: Impact of HIV Protease Inhibitors on the Treatment of HIV - Infected Tuberculosis Patients With Rifampin

This report describes approaches for managing patients with TB who are candidates for or who are undergoing protease inhibitor therapy and presents interim recommendations for managing these patients until additional data are available and formal guidelines are issued. Protease inhibitors interact with rifamycin derivatives, which are used to treat and prevent the mycobacterial infections commonly observed in patients with the HIV. The report provides background information on the management of TB and the three treatment options currently available for these patients.

1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults

This report contains CDC's revised classification system for HIV infection and AIDS among adolescents and adults. The definition replaces the system published by CDC in 1986 and contains the expanded AIDS surveillance case definition. Appendixes include equivalences for CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage of total lymphocytes, conditions included in the 1993 AIDS surveillance case definition, definitive diagnostic methods for diseases indicative of AIDS, and suggested guidelines for presumptive diagnosis of diseases indicative of AIDS.

Preventing Infections From Pets: A Guide for People With HIV Infection

This brochure provides information on the prevention of infections from pets for persons with HIV. Most persons with HIV can keep their pets but they should know the health risks associated with owning a pet or caring for animals. Animals may carry diseases that if passed to a person with HIV can result in diarrhea, brain infections, and skin lesions.

Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings

This report provides guidelines regarding the prevention of needlestick injuries in health care settings. Bloodborne pathogens that may be transmitted during needlestick injuries include HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The report identifies activities associated with needlestick injuries and describes Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for the prevention of such injuries in the workplace.

HIV-Related Opportunistic Diseases

This report provides information about opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons with HIV. It discusses the causes, effects, and treatments available and includes a comparison of costs of treatment and prophylaxis for the most common OIs. It provides recommendations to improve healthcare and prevent OIs among HIV-positive persons.

MMWR: Notice to Readers: Use of Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Regimens in HIV-Seronegative Persons

This report in the form of a notice to readers states that CDC in conjunction with the American Thoracic Society expects to issue new guidelines on screening and preventive therapy for TB that will include a recommendation on the use of the two-month regimen of daily rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) as an alternative to 12-month isoniazid for prevention of TB in HIV-negative persons for whom preventive therapy is indicated. A comparative trial of the 2RZ regimen in HIV-negative persons has not been conducted.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Policies and Principles for Prevention and Care

This report discusses issues concerning the prevention and treatment of STDs. The report examines the significance of STDs in the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the history of STD control. It explains the primary and secondary prevention practices for STDs. It provides information about access to STD care in the public and private sectors, categorical STD clinics, general health care structures, and referral services.

MMWR: Tuberculosis Outbreaks in Prison Housing Units for HIV-Infected Inmates - California, 1995-1996

This report describes the investigations of two TB outbreaks that occurred in two state correctional institutions with dedicated HIV housing units. In each outbreak, IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium (MTB) isolates linked all cases. During the 4-month intervals between identification of the two male index case-patients, one of whom later died of miliary TB, and chest radiograph screening of all the contacts remaining in the housing unit, 190 inmates had been released.