HIV and AIDS

This monograph reports on key scientific, policy, social, ethical, and economic challenges and the ongoing research for a vaccine that would prevent HIV transmission.

This report discusses the association between stigma, discrimination, and human rights as they affect persons with HIV/AIDS. The report defines stigma and discrimination in different forms and contexts and presents case studies to illustrate twelve different approaches to reducing stigma.

This report provides information on the disproportionate rates of HIV infection and AIDS in Hispanics living in the US. The report is based on an analysis of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed among Hispanic adults and adolescents living with HIV or AIDS in 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2005. HIV/AIDS cases include those with a diagnosis of HIV infection that have not progressed to AIDS, those with a diagnosis of HIV infection followed by a diagnosis of AIDS, and concurrent diagnoses of AIDS and HIV infection.

This report on migrant and seasonal farm workers (MSFWs) uses data from focus groups, a survey, and interviews of MSFWs and service providers conducted in New York state plus the references to describe the risk and inadequate access to testing and care that MSFWs face. It emphasizes issues relating to HIV/AIDS, barriers to accessing health care and related services, and common elements of successful MSFW programs. The data indicate that HIV/AIDS is escalating among MSFWs, and that immediate steps need to be taken to prevent devastating impact among the population and their families.

This report discusses the use of electronic record linkage to identify deaths that occurred during 2000-2005 among persons with AIDS who resided or were diagnosed in the District of Columbia (DC). This electronic record linkage was used to ascertain deaths annually as part of routine HIV/AIDS surveillance. Record linkage was achieved using Link Plus, a free program developed by CDC.

This report discusses the problem of the increase in the number of false-positive oral fluid reactive rapid tests in New York City. In January 2004, the city introduced on-site rapid HIV testing in STD clinics. This was replaced by oral fluid testing with the OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test. In late 2005, an increase in the number of false-positive oral fluid tests occurred, but the increase subsided after several months.

This report is a manual containing antiretroviral treatment guidelines written in Spanish language for Latin America and the Caribbean.

This report presents recommendations for postexposure interventions to prevent hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or HIV infections and tetanus in persons wounded in bombings or events causing mass casualties. During such events, wounded persons may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured persons, putting them at risk for bloodborne infections.

This pamphlet discusses HIV testing for newborn infants. It explains that the state of New York requires all babies to be tested. The pamphlet also explains when the mother will receive the results of the test, how a baby can get HIV, the meaning of a positive test for a baby, what happens for a mother who has HIV, and for a baby who has HIV. The pamphlet emphasizes that the results of the baby’s HIV test are confidential and that doctors can only share that information with others who are providing health care.