HIV and AIDS

This report presents the case study of the Lighthouse Trust in Malawi, which was established to provide quality care and counseling and to improve the quality of life of persons with HIV/AIDS, including the terminally ill. The report describes the objective of the Lighthouse, its services, management, staffing, funding, community involvement, building facilities, diagnostic services, antiretroviral treatment implementation, clients served, adherence support strategies, clinical outcomes, added improvements, and lessons learned.

This monograph presents guidelines for the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in pregnant women and for preventing perinatal transmission of HIV to their infants and summarizes programmatic considerations and scientific rationale behind the guidelines. The monograph includes recommendations for ARV treatment for pregnant women and women of childbearing age.

This report discusses the process used in Indonesia to develop estimates of the number of people infected with HIV. The report discusses the reasons for making national estimates of HIV, the difficulty of making estimates when the disease is concentrated in specific populations whose behavior puts them at high risk of infection and transmission, and the challenges faced by Indonesia. It explains the process used to develop estimates, the ground rules, setting up the spreadsheets, and lessons learned.

This report presents guidelines for monitoring programs for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in infants and young children. It presents a list of core indicators and additonal indicators for indicating the success of these programs. Countries with prevention programs for infants and young children should have the core indicators in operation. The report gives a definition of each indicator, the rationale for its use, what it measures, measurement tools and how the indicator is measured, and its strengths and limitations.

This report presents recommendations for preventing and controlling infectious diseases and managing personnel health and safety concerns and infection control in dental care settings. The report updates and revises previous CDC recommendations and incorporates infection-control measures.

This report presents the points discussed at a global consultation held in January 2004 on ethics and care and treatment for HIV/AIDS. The international consultation was convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).

This report is a case study of Cuba’s response to HIV. The report presents the background information on Cuba’s initial response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the establishment of AIDS sanatoria from 1986-1993 for taking care of HIV positive persons, the institution of an ambulatory care system for HIV treatment of people who want to remain at home, and introduction of antiretroviral (ART) treatment in 1996. Cuba began producing its own antiretrovirals in 2001, and 100% ART treatment was achieved in 2003. The report lists the drugs and regimens used in Cuba and the criteria to initiate ART.

This policy paper discusses "debt swaps" as a way of funding the expansion of HIV/AIDS programs for countries that have problems paying or are unable to pay their external debt. The paper presents definitions and categories of swaps such as debt-for-equity swaps, debt buy-backs, debt-for-nature swaps, and debt-for- development swaps. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of debt swaps, and provides information on the use of debt swaps by low-income countries severely affected by HIV/AIDS in order to scale up their HIV/AIDS programs.

This pamphlet discusses the risk of exposure to HIV during emergency situations such as war, civil strife, disasters or epidemics, since many of the conditions that facilitate the spread of HIV are present in emergencies.

This information sheet presents the federal budget request for domestic and global HIV/AIDS funding for fiscal year (FY) 2005. The budget request shows a $1.3 billion increase over 2004. The sheet explains the general funding categories and factors driving the budget increase. The fund categories are care, cash and housing assistance, prevention, research, and global. A chart of Federal funding for HIV/AIDS from FY 2003-2005 is provided.