Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of Amer

This report updates and combines earlier versions of guidelines for preventing and treating opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-exposed and infected children. The guidelines discuss opportunistic pathogens that occur in the United States, including one that might be acquired during international travel. For each OI, the report provides a brief description of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis in children; prevention of exposure; prevention of disease by chemoprophylaxis and/or vaccination; discontinuation of primary prophylaxis after immune reconstitution; treatment of disease; monitoring for adverse effects during treatment; management of treatment failure; prevention of disease recurrence; and discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis after immune reconstitution. The guidelines were developed by a panel of specialists in pediatric HIV infection and infectious diseases from the US government and academic institutions