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The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease

This information sheet discusses tuberculosis (TB) and the difference between the two TB-related conditions: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease. It explains what is meant by LTBI, and, that although persons with LTBI cannot spread the disease, if left untreated, they can develop active TB in the future. The information sheet also describes active TB disease, its symptoms, and the need for treatment.

Scale up of HIV-Related Prevention, Diagnosis, Care and Treatment for Infants and Children: A Programming Framework

This monograph provides a programming framework to assist national health managers and implementing partners in resource-constrained settings that have a high burden of HIV. The monograph gives information about scaling up HIV prevention, and the diagnosis, care, and treatment for children exposed to, or infected with, HIV. The framework emphasizes the importance of early HIV diagnosis, cotrimoxazole preventive treatment for children who are exposed to, or who are infected with, HIV, and timely entry to care and treatment.

Tuberculosis Control Laws and Policies: A Handbook for Public Health and Legal Practitioners

This monograph provides information for use by tribal, state, and local public health practitioners and their legal counsel to help improve their understanding and use of relevant laws to respond to challenges concerning TB control. Part I of the monograph contains an introduction and table listing resources on communicable disease and TB control methods in selected US jurisdictions. Part II presents a brief overview of some of the essential components of TB control, including a discussion of the international and national threats of the disease and modern public health interventions.

Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of Amer

This report updates and combines earlier versions of guidelines for preventing and treating opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-exposed and infected children. The guidelines discuss opportunistic pathogens that occur in the United States, including one that might be acquired during international travel.

Incidence and Diagnoses of HIV Infection -- Puerto Rico, 2006

This report describes the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico in 2006. The Puerto Rico Department of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data on diagnoses of HIV infection, including infections that occurred in 2006 and in previous years, and used a stratified extrapolation approach developed by CDC to generate HIV incidence estimates. Results indicate that in 2006, an estimated 1,440 individuals aged 13 years or older were newly infected with HIV.

Two Simultaneous Outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis -- Federated States of Micronesia, 2007--2009

This report describes the investigation by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which initially identified five confirmed cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in two distinct clusters, characterized by two distinct geographic locations, genotypes, and drug-susceptibility patterns in the Federated States of Micronesia. Extensive transmission had occurred among household contacts; 16 (8%) of the 205 contacts identified had confirmed or suspected MDR TB disease, and 124 (60%) had latent TB infection.

Investigation of a Genotype Cluster of Tubercuosis Cases --- Detroit, Michigan, 2004--2007

This report describes the investigation of a genotype cluster of eight tuberculosis cases in US born patients in the Detroit metropolitan area. The investigation was done by the Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, the Michigan Department of Community Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first case was reported in a patient with drug-susceptible TB, who subsequently developed multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Seven additional cases were reported in patients with TB genotypes matching that of the index patient.

Sexual and Reproductive Health of Persons Aged 10-24 Years - United States, 2002-2007

This report presents data for 2002-2007 on sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. Data were compiled from the National Vital Statistics System and multiple surveys and surveillance systems that monitor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. The report addresses three primary topics: (1) current levels of risk behavior and health outcomes; (2) disparities by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and geographic residence; and (3) trends over time.