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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Center for Health Statistics,Office of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Series

MMWR: Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis

This report updates previous US Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that may contain Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV/AIDS. It contains recommendations for Hepatitis B Virus postexposure management including initiation of hepatitis B vaccine series to any susceptible, unvaccinated person who sustains blood or body fluid exposure. Guidance is provided to clinicians and exposed HCP for selecting the appropriate HBV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).

MMWR: Progressing Toward Tuberculosis Elimination in Low-Incidence Areas of the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis

This report provides recommendations from the Advisory Council for the Elimination of TB (ACET) concerning TB elimination in low-incidence areas. In 1999, ACET called for a renewed commitment to its strategic plan, originally published in 1989 with a year 2000 objective of 3.5 cases per 100,000 population. Also in 2000, the Institute of Medicine proposed a comprehensive action plan for TB elimination in the United States. In 2000, 22 states reported incidence rates of =3.5/100,000, which was the objective set by ACET in its 1989 strategic plan.

MMWR: Guidelines for Laboratory Testing and Result Reporting of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus

This report presents guidelines for identifying persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It recommends that testing for anti-HCV should include the use of an antibody screening assay, and for screening test-positive results, a more specific supplemental assay. The guidelines expand recommendations for anti-HCV testing to include an option for reflex supplemental testing, based on screening-test-positive signal-to-cut-off ratios.

MMWR: HIV Transmission Among Black Women: North Carolina, 2004

This report summarizes a study of 101 women who were newly diagnosed as HIV positive and controls to determine reasons for the behaviors that put them at risk for HIV infection. Poverty, partner risk behavior, and alcohol and drug use were among reasons for their behavior. Findings demonstrate the need for multiple approaches to reducing HIV infection among black women.

MMWR: STD-Prevention Counseling Practices and Human Papillomavirus Opinions Among Clinicians with Adolescent Patients–United States, 2004

This report discusses CDC research on evaluating the STD risk assessment, counseling, and education practices of US health care providers during routine adolescent check-ups, and provider opinions regarding methods to prevent HPV. CDC mailed surveys to 5,386 clinicians in seven specialties that commonly provide STD diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Data were collected on clinician demographic, practice, and patient characteristics; STD risk assessment, counseling and education practices; and opinions regarding HPV infection prevention methods.

HIV/AIDS Among Hispanics: United States 2001-2005

This report provides information on the disproportionate rates of HIV infection and AIDS in Hispanics living in the US. The report is based on an analysis of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed among Hispanic adults and adolescents living with HIV or AIDS in 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2005. HIV/AIDS cases include those with a diagnosis of HIV infection that have not progressed to AIDS, those with a diagnosis of HIV infection followed by a diagnosis of AIDS, and concurrent diagnoses of AIDS and HIV infection.

MMWR: Update: Prevention of Hepatitis A After Exposure to Hepatitis A Virus and in International Travelers. Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

This report presents updated recommendations made by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for prevention of hepatitis after exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and for departing international travelers. The recommendations incorporate existing ACIP recommendations for hepatitis A prevention.

False-Positive Oral Fluid Rapid HIV Tests – New York City, 2005-2008

This report discusses the problem of the increase in the number of false-positive oral fluid reactive rapid tests in New York City. In January 2004, the city introduced on-site rapid HIV testing in STD clinics. This was replaced by oral fluid testing with the OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test. In late 2005, an increase in the number of false-positive oral fluid tests occurred, but the increase subsided after several months.