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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Center for Health Statistics,Office of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Series

Clinic-Based Testing for Rectal and Pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Infections by Community-Based Organizations - Five Cities, United States, 2007

This report summarizes results of a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the San Francisco Department of Public Health to gather data on rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea and chlamydia testing at screening sites managed by six gay-focused community-based organizations (CBOs) in five US cities during 2007. The purpose of the study was to determine sexually transmitted disease testing practices among CBOs serving men who have sex with men (MSM). Findings indicate that three organizations collected samples for nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing and three for culture.

HIV Infection - Guangdong Province, China, 1997-2007

This report presents data on persons infected with HIV in Guangdong Province in Southeastern China. A case-based surveillance system (CBSS) was used to collect data on persons infected with HIV, including demographic characteristics and transmission categories. With assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Guangdong Center for Disease Control analyzed the CBSS data for the period 1997-2007. Results indicate that the number of HIV cases increased from 102 in 1997 to 4,593 in 2007.

Investigation of Patients Treated by an HIV-Infected Cardiothoracic Surgeon - Israel, 2007

This report describes the case of a cardiothoracic surgeon in Israel specializing in open-heart procedures who was found to be HIV-positive in January 2007, during evaluation for a fever of recent onset. The duration of infection was unknown. A review of the patients operated on by the infected surgeon during the preceding 10 years was conducted under the auspices of the Israel Ministry of Health to determine whether any surgeon-to-patient HIV transmission had occurred. Of 1,669 patients identified, 545 received serologic testing for HIV antibody. All results were negative.

Plan to Combat Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recommendations of the Federal Tuberculosis Task Force

This report was produced by a Federal TB task force that was reconvened by CDC in November 2006. The task force drafted an updated action plan to address the issue of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB). Task force members were charged with articulating the most pressing problems, identifying barriers to improvement, and recommending specific action steps to improve prevention and control of XDR TB in their respective areas.

Updated Guidelines for Using Interferon Gamma Release Assays to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection – United States, 2010

This serial presents updated guidelines to US public health officials, healthcare providers, and laboratory workers for use of FDA-approved interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) to diagnose both active and latent TB infection in adults and children. These guidelines include use of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test (QFT-GIT) and the T-SPOT.TB Test (T-Spot), two new IGRAs that were not included in the previous guidelines published in 2005. The antigens, methods, and interpretation criteria for these assays differ from those for IGRAs approved previously.

Decrease in Reported Tuberculosis Cases – United States, 2009

This report presents results from the U.S. National TB Surveillance System for 2009. It states that 11,540 TB cases were reported in the United States in 2009, for a rate of 3.8 cases per 100,000 population. This was a decrease of 11.4 percent from the rate of 4.2 per 100,000 reported in 2008. Also, this was the lowest recorded rate since the beginning of national TB surveillance in 1953, and the greatest single-year decrease ever recorded.

MMWR: Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Children with Diagnoses of Perinatal HIV Infection --- 34 States, 2004--2007

This report describes the most recent trends in diagnoses of perinatal HIV infection by race/ethnicity, by summarizing results of analyses of national surveillance data from 34 states from 2004-2007. During 2004-2007, 85 percent of diagnoses of perinatal HIV were in blacks or African Americans (69 percent) or Hispanics or Latinos (16 percent). The average annual rate of diagnoses of perinatal HIV during that time was 12.3 per 100,000 among blacks, 2.1 per 100,000 among Hispanics, and 0.5 per 100,000 among whites.

Syphilis Outbreak Among American Indians--Arizona, 2007-2009

This report summarizes an enhanced outbreak response, which identified 106 cases of syphilis with onset from January 2007 to June 2009, including six congenital cases in a Southwest Indian Nation. The enhanced, coordinated multiagency response involved tribal and Pima County Health Departments, the Indian Health Service (IHS), the Arizona Department of Health Services, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Type 2 Among Persons Aged 14-49 Years--United States, 2005-2008

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed serologic test results from persons aged 14-49 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008, to determine whether HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States has changed since 1999-2004. CDC also used the data to estimate HSV-2 seroprevalence by age, race/ethnicity, and reported lifetime number of sex partners. Results indicated that HSV-2 seroprevalence was 16.2 percent overall, not statistically different from that of 1999-2004, and was highest among women and non-Hispanic blacks.

Congenital Syphilis – United States, 2003-2008

This report summarizes the results of a CDC analysis of recent trends in congenital syphilis (CS) rates, using national surveillance data from the years 2003-2008. Results show that after declining for 14 years, the CS rate among infants aged <1 year increased 23 percent, from 8.2 cases per 100,000 live births in 2005 to 10.1 during 2008. The increase followed a 38 percent increase in primary and secondary syphilis rate among females aged =10 years from 2004-2007.