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Report of Expert Consultations on Rapid Molecular Testing to Detect Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the United States

This report presents results from an expert panel convened by CDC to examine the current status of rapid drug-resistance (DR) testing in the United States; to research published evidence and current guidelines; and to provide guidance and make recommendations to CDC for developing a system to provide access to rapid drug-susceptibility testing to all TB control programs in the United States. The panel recommended that CDC establish regional laboratories to provide molecular drug-resistance testing services to state and local TB programs.

HIV Infection Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men --- Jackson, Mississippi, 2006--2008

This report summarizes results of a survey of 29 black 17-25 year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) who were diagnosed with HIV infection during January 2006-April 2008 in the three-county Jackson Mississippi area. The survey was conducted by the Mississippi State Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study examined risk behavior and HIV testing behavior of the participants.

WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households

This report provides World Health Organization (WHO) member states with guidance on preventing TB transmission in healthcare facilities, congregate settings, and households. It focuses on what to do and how to prioritize TB infection control at national levels and includes recommendations for national managerial activities. The report updates or presents new or increased emphasis on the particular administrative and environmental controls to be implemented and on personal protective equipment. It includes a special focus on building design and use of space.

Orphanhood and the Living Arrangements of Children in Sub-Saharan Africa

This report is based on data from a household survey from 21 sub-Saharan African countries. The study examined trends in orphanhood and living arrangements and the links between the two. The extent to which orphan rates are associated with these trends is investigated and whether there is a tendency for orphaned children in countries with high and increasing orphan rates to live with more distant relatives, evidence that would support the claim that rising orphan rates are placing pressure on the extended family.

The National HIV Prevention Inventory: The State of HIV Prevention Across the U.S.

This report is based on a survey of 65 state, territorial, and local health departments, including all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the six U.S.-affiliated Pacific jurisdictions (American Samoa, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau), and six directly funded localities (Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles County, New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco).

Memento Therapeutique du VIH/SIDA en Afrique

This report is a manual on antiretroviral treatment and care of HIV infected patients in African settings. This second version of the manual was written by a team of doctors and researchers in France. It provides concise updated information on types of antiretroviral drugs, post-exposure prophylaxis, treatment recommendations, infant formulations, generics, and treatment of opportunistic infections.

Acute HIV Infection --- New York City, 2008

This report discusses the medical approach to treating people with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AHI), a highly infectious phase of the disease, in New York City. It explains that AHI contributes to HIV transmission, as it is associated with a high level of viremia, although antibody tests may be negative or indeterminate.

HIV Infection Among Injection-Drug Users --- 34 States, 2004--2007

In this report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from the national notifiable disease reporting system for 2004-2007 from the 34 states with confidential name-based HIV reporting since 2003. Data represent injecting drug users (IDUs) who received a new diagnosis of HIV infection, regardless of when the infection was acquired and excluding IDUs categorized as men who have sex with men. Number and percentage of IDUs who were diagnosed with HIV were estimated by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and area of residence at the time of diagnosis.

Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence and their Determinants in 134 Countries

This report describes a study that determined whether differences in national trends in tuberculosis (TB) incidence are attributable to the variable success of control programs or to biological, social, and economic factors. Trends in case notifications were used as a measure of trends in incidence in 135 countries from 1997-2006, and regression analysis was used to explore the associations between these trends and 32 measures covering aspects of development, the economy, the population, behavioral and biological risk factors, health services, and TB control.

A Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis Among Blacks in the United States, 1981-2009

This report in the form of a journal article discusses the high incidence of HIV/AIDS among Blacks in the United States and the efforts of CDC to address it. CDC initiated a variety of activities to (1) better understand the factors that drive the HIV/AIDS epidemic among Blacks in the United States, (2) expand HIV testing and access to HIV treatment, (3) develop new interventions and scale up the availability of effective interventions, and (4) mobilize Black communities to combat the HIV/AIDS crisis facing them.