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External Peer Review of DHAP Surveillance, Research, and HIV Prevention Programs: Final Report: Findings and Recommendations

This report presents a summary of the findings and recommendations of the External Peer Review (EPR) process of CDC's Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) HIV Prevention Activities. The review consisted of convening 73 experts from state and local governments, national partner organizations, academia, community-based organizations, and risk population stakeholders from different parts of the country. These experts had experience in HIV prevention and familiarity with DHAP’s intramural and extramural activities. They examined DHAP’s HIV prevention activities.

Late HIV Testing - 34 States, 1996–2005

This article discusses the problem of late HIV testing in the United States and emphasizes the importance of HIV testing, diagnosis, and treatment, soon after HIV infection and before developing AIDS, to prevent more severe illness and death and reduce HIV transmission. Findings are reported from a study in which CDC analyzed data from 1996 - 2005 from 34 states with confidential name-based reporting to determine the percentage of persons who received an AIDS diagnosis less than or equal to 3 years after receiving an HIV diagnosis.

HIV Testing Among High School Students - United States, 2007

This article describes a study in which data were analyzed from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to determine the extent to which adolescents are being tested for HIV. Results indicated that nationwide, 12.9 percent of all high school students had ever been tested for HIV. Testing increased with increasing grade level and decreased with increasing age at first sexual intercourse.

Clinic-Based Testing for Rectal and Pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Infections by Community-Based Organizations - Five Cities, United States, 2007

This report summarizes results of a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the San Francisco Department of Public Health to gather data on rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea and chlamydia testing at screening sites managed by six gay-focused community-based organizations (CBOs) in five US cities during 2007. The purpose of the study was to determine sexually transmitted disease testing practices among CBOs serving men who have sex with men (MSM). Findings indicate that three organizations collected samples for nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing and three for culture.

HIV Infection - Guangdong Province, China, 1997-2007

This report presents data on persons infected with HIV in Guangdong Province in Southeastern China. A case-based surveillance system (CBSS) was used to collect data on persons infected with HIV, including demographic characteristics and transmission categories. With assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Guangdong Center for Disease Control analyzed the CBSS data for the period 1997-2007. Results indicate that the number of HIV cases increased from 102 in 1997 to 4,593 in 2007.

Investigation of Patients Treated by an HIV-Infected Cardiothoracic Surgeon - Israel, 2007

This report describes the case of a cardiothoracic surgeon in Israel specializing in open-heart procedures who was found to be HIV-positive in January 2007, during evaluation for a fever of recent onset. The duration of infection was unknown. A review of the patients operated on by the infected surgeon during the preceding 10 years was conducted under the auspices of the Israel Ministry of Health to determine whether any surgeon-to-patient HIV transmission had occurred. Of 1,669 patients identified, 545 received serologic testing for HIV antibody. All results were negative.

Plan to Combat Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recommendations of the Federal Tuberculosis Task Force

This report was produced by a Federal TB task force that was reconvened by CDC in November 2006. The task force drafted an updated action plan to address the issue of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB). Task force members were charged with articulating the most pressing problems, identifying barriers to improvement, and recommending specific action steps to improve prevention and control of XDR TB in their respective areas.

MMWR: National, State, and Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2008

This report provides information on the National Immunization Survey (NIS) which estimated vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months for 50 states and selected local areas. It describes the 2008 NIS coverage estimates for the 4:3:1:3:3:1 series and individual vaccines, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, =2 dose of Hepatitis A vaccine, and hepatitis B vaccine among children born during January 2005 - June 2007. Results demonstrate that the nation’s immunization program remained successful in maintaining high vaccination rates among young children.

Mortality Among Patients with Tuberculosis and Associations With HIV Status – United States, 1993-2008

This report provides data on the mortality among patients with TB and associations with HIV infection. To investigate the impact of HIV on risk for death during TB treatment in the United States, data were analyzed for all culture-positive patients with TB from 1993 to 2008. The proportion that died was determined and stratified by HIV test result. Mortality data were restricted to patients reported before 2007.

Syringe Exchange Programs – United States, 2008

This study discusses information on the 184 syringe exchange programs (SEPs) operating in 36 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Of these SEPs, 67% completed a mail/telephone survey conducted by North American Syringe Exchange Network (NASEN) and Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, which covered program operations for 2008. The report summarizes findings from the survey and compares them with results from a previous SEP survey for 1994-2007.