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1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults

This report contains CDC's revised classification system for HIV infection and AIDS among adolescents and adults. The definition replaces the system published by CDC in 1986 and contains the expanded AIDS surveillance case definition. Appendixes include equivalences for CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and percentage of total lymphocytes, conditions included in the 1993 AIDS surveillance case definition, definitive diagnostic methods for diseases indicative of AIDS, and suggested guidelines for presumptive diagnosis of diseases indicative of AIDS.

Preventing Infections From Pets: A Guide for People With HIV Infection

This brochure provides information on the prevention of infections from pets for persons with HIV. Most persons with HIV can keep their pets but they should know the health risks associated with owning a pet or caring for animals. Animals may carry diseases that if passed to a person with HIV can result in diarrhea, brain infections, and skin lesions.

Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings

This report provides guidelines regarding the prevention of needlestick injuries in health care settings. Bloodborne pathogens that may be transmitted during needlestick injuries include HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The report identifies activities associated with needlestick injuries and describes Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for the prevention of such injuries in the workplace.

HIV-Related Opportunistic Diseases

This report provides information about opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons with HIV. It discusses the causes, effects, and treatments available and includes a comparison of costs of treatment and prophylaxis for the most common OIs. It provides recommendations to improve healthcare and prevent OIs among HIV-positive persons.

MMWR: Notice to Readers: Use of Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Regimens in HIV-Seronegative Persons

This report in the form of a notice to readers states that CDC in conjunction with the American Thoracic Society expects to issue new guidelines on screening and preventive therapy for TB that will include a recommendation on the use of the two-month regimen of daily rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) as an alternative to 12-month isoniazid for prevention of TB in HIV-negative persons for whom preventive therapy is indicated. A comparative trial of the 2RZ regimen in HIV-negative persons has not been conducted.

MMWR: Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease

This report discusses the hepatitis C virus (HCV), how it is treated, and how it can be prevented. The report examines the epidemiology of HCV. It discusses the screening tests, history, general treatment, and postexposure prophylaxis for HCV. The report explains the ways that HCV can be transmitted from person to person and how the virus can be spread through bodily fluid. It identifies the most serious high risk behaviors such as injection drug use and certain sexual practices. The report cites the risks associated with health care work.

MMWR: Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Persons: Report of the Working Group on Tuberculosis Among Foreign-Born Persons

This report reviews the new CDC guidelines about TB screening for immigrants and the medical treatment of infected persons. Recent immigration trends and the epidemiology of TB among immigrants is examined. The report discusses the prioritization of TB case finding, screening, and preventive therapy for immigrants in the overall elimination of TB in the United States. It includes recommendations to improve epidemiologic reporting on the federal, state, and local levels for foreign-born persons in the US.

MMWR: Progress Toward the Elimination of Tuberculosis--United States, 1998

This report summarizes national surveillance TB data for 1998 and compares them with similar data from 1992. The report includes number of reported cases and the percentage change in number of cases and rates by state and year as well as by sex, age, and year for 1992 and 1998. Findings indicate that the number of TB cases has decreased and that trends in the number of reported cases and TB incidence varied by geographic area and population characteristics.

MMWR: Prevention of Hepatitis A Through Active or Passive Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

This report updates CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) 1996 recommendations on the prevention of hepatitis A through immunization (MMWR 1996;45[RR-15].) and includes (1) new data about the epidemiology of hepatitis A; (2) recent findings about the effectiveness of community-based hepatitis A vaccination programs; and (3) recommendations for the routine vaccination of children in states, counties, and communities with rates that are twice the 1987-1997 national average or greater and consideration of routine vaccination of children in states, counties, and communities wi