Hepatitis

This report updates previous US Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that may contain Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV/AIDS. It contains recommendations for Hepatitis B Virus postexposure management including initiation of hepatitis B vaccine series to any susceptible, unvaccinated person who sustains blood or body fluid exposure. Guidance is provided to clinicians and exposed HCP for selecting the appropriate HBV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).

This report consolidates previous recommendations and adds new ones for preventing and controlling infections with hepatitis viruses among inmates and workers in correctional facilities. The recommendations provide guidelines for juvenile and adult correctional systems regarding (1) identification and investigation of acute viral hepatitis, (2) pre-exposure and postexposure immunization for hepatitis A and B, (3) prevention of hepatitis C virus infection and its consequences, (4) health education, and (5) release planning.

This report presents guidelines for identifying persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It recommends that testing for anti-HCV should include the use of an antibody screening assay, and for screening test-positive results, a more specific supplemental assay. The guidelines expand recommendations for anti-HCV testing to include an option for reflex supplemental testing, based on screening-test-positive signal-to-cut-off ratios.

This monograph is a manual that provides guidance to clinicians, state and local health departments, and other health agencies on case ascertainment, reporting, investigation, and follow-up of persons with acute viral hepatitis. It presents a framework for the development of systems for identifying and following up persons who may have chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections. The guidelines describe the elements needed and best practices for conducting surveillance for viral hepatitis. A copy of the case report sheet and patient history sheets are included.

This pamphlet explains basic facts about cirrhosis, which is a disease of the liver. It can help patients understand the causes and treatments of cirrhosis. The pamphlet answers patients' questions about common complications of cirrhosis and provides information on how to deal with these complications. It also provides practical tips on how to keep a patient's liver as healthy as possible, including things to do and things to avoid.

This report presents updated recommendations made by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for prevention of hepatitis after exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and for departing international travelers. The recommendations incorporate existing ACIP recommendations for hepatitis A prevention.

This report presents recommendations for postexposure interventions to prevent hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or HIV infections and tetanus in persons wounded in bombings or events causing mass casualties. During such events, wounded persons may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured persons, putting them at risk for bloodborne infections.

This serial updates and expands previous CDC guidelines for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing, and includes new recommendations for public health evaluation and management for chronically infected persons and their contacts. Routine testing for HBsAg now is recommended in additional populations with HBsAg prevalence of greater than or equal to 2%: persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of greater than or equal to 2%, men who have sex with men, and injection-drug users.

This report summarizes results of a survey on newborn hepatitis B vaccination and provides national, state, and local data on vaccination coverage for infants who received the hepatitis B vaccine during the first days of life. To measure the vaccine coverage during the neonatal period, CDC analyzed data from the 2006 National Immunization Survey (NIS).

This report describes the burden of acute disease attributed to infection with the hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses, and describes acute disease trends in recent years. Cases of acute viral hepatitis are reported weekly by state and territorial health departments to CDC's National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. The report includes the methods of collecting data, definitions for acute viral hepatitis, and analyses.