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Information Sheet

The Role of STD Prevention and Treatment in HIV Prevention

This information sheet discusses the link between STDs and HIV. It explains how individuals with STDS have an increased susceptibility to HIV and individuals with HIV have increased infectiousness. The information sheet discusses how STD treatment can slow the spread of HIV and the implications for HIV and STD prevention programs. Information is provided for accessing the services of national health organizations.

Fighting A Deadly Fungus: A New Strategy to Reduce Deaths Due to Cryptococcus

This information sheet points out that the fungus Cryptococcus is the most common cause of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa, and is a leading cause of death among people with HIV. Although it is not possible to prevent the initial infection with Cryptococcus, screening for cryptococcal antigen can detect disease before meningitis develops so treatment can begin and prevent death. A rapid, point-of-care dipstick test is now available for use in screening.

TB Elimination: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease

This information sheet discusses the steps taken to diagnose TB disease. It describes the symptoms of TB and explains how an individual suspected of having TB is evaluated using the following: medical history, physical examination, skin test or special TB blood test, chest radiograph, microbiological tests, and finally tests for drug resistance.

Testing for Tuberculosis (TB)

In a question and answer format, this information sheet discusses testing for tuberculosis (TB). There are two kinds of tests that are used to determine if a person has been infected with TB bacteria: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and TB blood tests.

Estimates of New HIV Infections in the United States, 2006 - 2009

This information sheet presents new estimates of the annual number of new HIV infections (HIV incidence) in the United States released by CDC in August 2011. The estimates, for 2006 through 2009, are the first multi-year estimates using CDC’s national HIV incidence surveillance methodology, which is based on direct measurement of new HIV infections using a laboratory test (the BED HIV-1 Capture Enzyme Immunoassay) that can classify new diagnoses as either recent or long-standing HIV infections.

Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Interpreting Tuberculin Skin Results

This information sheet discusses targeted tuberculin testing focusing on the groups at highest risk for latent TB infection (LTBI). It advises that testing should be given to those at highest risk for developing TB, and once TB disease has been ruled out, then it should be offered to those who would benefit from LTBI treatment. It also explains the steps that should be taken to ensure completion of the regimen.

Benh Viêm Gan B

This information sheet explains what hepatitis B is and what chronic hepatitis B is. It explains why Asian and Pacific Islander Americans are at higher risk, the symptoms of chronic hepatitis B, who is at risk for hepatitis B, and how women can protect themselves and their babies from hepatitis B.

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) - Blood Tests for TB Infection

This information sheet discusses interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), which are whole-blood tests used in diagnosing both latent TB infection and TB disease. It notes that two IGRAs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are commercially available in the United States. The information sheet explains how the IGRAs work; the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of IGRAs; steps in administering these tests; interpretation; recommendations on when to use them; and whether IGRAs can be given to persons receiving vaccinations.

[Hepatitis A Vaccine: What You Need to Know]

This information sheet discusses the hepatitis A vaccine. It explains hepatitis A virus infection, its effect on the liver, and its transmission and symptoms, and advises that a vaccine can prevent the disease. The information sheet lists who should get the vaccine and when, who should not get the vaccine or should wait, whether there are any risks or adverse reactions to the vaccine, different types of reactions, and what to do. It describes the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and provides sources of further information.
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