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Information Sheet

TB Elimination: Treatment Options for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

This information sheet discusses treatment for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), with the purpose of this treatment being the reduction of the risk that the infection will progress to TB disease. It explains how the health care provider determines whether the individual with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood test result is a candidate for treatment of LTBI and how the most effective regimen is chosen; presents LTBI treatment regimens; and describes monitoring during treatment, drug-drug interactions, particularly for HIV-infected patients, and side effects.

TB Elimination: BCG Vaccine

This information sheet discusses the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine for TB disease, which is used in many countries to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease. It explains why the BCG is not generally recommended for use in the United States; suggests that the BCG should be considered under specific circumstances; and provides recommendations for when the BCG should be used with children and health care workers and contraindications when it should not be used, such as for immunosuppressed persons and pregnant women.

It's Time: Integrate Viral Hepatitis Into Your Work

This information sheet is an agenda for providers who are taking a two-day training program in which they learn to serve persons at high risk for viral hepatitis. This material lists the training objectives and provides training modules, including specific modules targeted for substance use programs. The training can be used in substance use settings, STD/public health settings, HIV/AIDS programs, and correctional settings, as well as used for providers from all four target settings.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Protection

This information sheet discusses the policies and standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning hepatitis B and the provisions made for workers who may have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. It explains the duty of the employer to develop an exposure control plan and implement universal precautions and control measures, including Hepatitis B vaccination.

MMWR Analysis Provides New Details on HIV Incidence in U.S. Populations

This information sheet summarizes the key findings of the new analysis of the CDC’s new estimates of the annual number of new HIV infections in the United States. The new analysis was published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report of September 12, 2008. The results of the analysis shows that among gay and bisexual men, young African Americans and Whites in their 30s and 40s are most affected, African American women are more affected than women of other races, and men account for the majority of new HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos.

Surveillance Brief: Terms, Definitions, and Calculations Used in CDC HIV Surveillance Publications

This information sheet explains terms, definitions, and methods of calculation used in HIV surveillance data, and the uses of these data. It defines unadjusted data, adjusted (estimated) data, AIDS diagnoses and deaths of persons with an AIDS diagnoses, and diagnoses of HIV infection and deaths of persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection. It also defines HIV incidence, persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection or AIDS, incidence rate, prevalence rate, stage of disease, and transmission category.

Tuberculosis (TB) Facts - TB Can Be Treated

This fact sheet presents basic facts about TB. It explains the difference between latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease, TB transmission, symptoms of TB disease, skin testing procedures, the TB blood test, the chest X-ray, and the sputum test. The information sheet also discusses the medical treatments available for TB, including preventive treatment for persons with LTBI. It emphasizes the importance of finishing all TB medicine and taking the drugs exactly as prescribed to prevent the TB germs from reappearing and becoming resistant to the drugs.

Tuberculosis (TB) Facts: TB and HIV/AIDS

This fact sheet discusses TB and how it is affected by the HIV. It defines TB and explains the difference between TB infection and latent TB infection. The fact sheet advises that HIV weakens the immune system increasing the chance that in people with HIV and latent TB, the TB germs will become active and attack the body causing TB disease. It emphasizes the importance of TB treatment and taking the TB drugs as prescribed.

Tuberculosis (TB) Facts - You Can Prevent TB

Using a question and answer format, this fact sheet provides general information on TB prevention. It discusses TB transmission, infection, disease, diagnosis through a skin test or a special TB blood test, and treatment. It explains that TB is spread by germs that are in the air after someone with TB disease sneezes, coughs, speaks, laughs, or sings. TB germs can live in the body without making the individual sick. This is called latent TB infection. If the germs become active, they cause TB disease. An individual who has been exposed to TB germs will be given a TB skin test.

Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings

This information sheet explains TB for employers in non-healthcare settings. It describes TB disease, latent TB infection (LTBI), active TB, how it is determined whether a patient has active TB or LTBI, the symptoms of TB, what one should do if an employee reports having positive TB or has been in contact with someone with TB, and what happens after the employer contacts the local or state TB program.