HIV/AIDS

This report provides guidelines regarding the prevention of needlestick injuries in health care settings. Bloodborne pathogens that may be transmitted during needlestick injuries include HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The report identifies activities associated with needlestick injuries and describes Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for the prevention of such injuries in the workplace.

This report provides information about opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons with HIV. It discusses the causes, effects, and treatments available and includes a comparison of costs of treatment and prophylaxis for the most common OIs. It provides recommendations to improve healthcare and prevent OIs among HIV-positive persons.

This brochure provides information on the prevention of infections from pets for persons with HIV. Most persons with HIV can keep their pets but they should know the health risks associated with owning a pet or caring for animals. Animals may carry diseases that if passed to a person with HIV can result in diarrhea, brain infections, and skin lesions.

This report discusses issues concerning the prevention and treatment of STDs. The report examines the significance of STDs in the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the history of STD control. It explains the primary and secondary prevention practices for STDs. It provides information about access to STD care in the public and private sectors, categorical STD clinics, general health care structures, and referral services.

This study examined the clinic records of TB programs to determine whether these programs used recommended practices to manage HIV-positive persons exposed to TB. The study suggests that TB programs need to review their contact investigation policies, procedures, and outcomes to reduce missed opportunities for preventing active TB among HIV-positive close contacts.

This report describes an outbreak of drug-susceptible TB that occurred in a South Carolina state correctional facility housing HIV-infected inmates and illustrates the need for increased vigilance for TB in settings in which HIV-infected persons congregate.

This guideline presents updated data about drug interactions between protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection together with rifamycins for treatment of TB.

This report describes World TB Day 2003 activities in 51 countries. The objective of World TB Day 2003 was to involve as many TB patients as possible in activities that encourage people with TB symptoms to seek effective diagnosis and treatment.

This information sheet discusses the problem of safe disposal of used syringes by diabetics as well as injecting drug users (IDUs) to prevent needlestick injuries and transmission of blood-borne diseases like HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis. The information sheet explains the public concern with syringe disposal, presents safe disposal methods that have been used in some communities, and notes that barriers to syringe disposal programs include laws that establish criminal penalties for distribution and possession of drug paraphernalia.

This information sheet discusses the role of pharmacies in efforts to help injecting drug users (IDUs) gain access to sterile syringes and equipment in order to reduce their risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV and other blood-borne diseases.The information sheet lists advantages of pharmacy sales, the barriers to pharmacy sales, the changes that some states have made to legalize pharmacy sales, and suggestions for encouraging more pharmacy sales of syringes to IDUs who will not or cannot stop injecting drugs.