This monograph is a guide for assessing linkages that can be used as needed in regional or national contexts. It covers a broad range of linkages issues such as policy, systems, and services. It is meant to assess HIV and sexual and reproductive health bi-directional linkages at the policy, system, and service-delivery levels. It is intended to identify gaps and thus contribute to the development of country-specific action plans to create and strengthen these linkages.

This report is the annual compilation of data from World Health Organization’s (WHO) 193 member states. It provides a summary of the current status of national health and health systems, including mortality and burden of disease, causes of death, reported infectious diseases, health service coverage, risk factors, health systems resources, health expenditures, inequities, and demographic and socioeconomic statistics.

This report provides a global update on the progress in scaling up priority health sector interventions for HIV prevention, treatment, and care in 2008 toward a goal of universal access. Of 192 United Nations member states, 158 reported data to WHO, UNICEF, and UNAIDS, including 139 low-and middle-income and 19 high-income countries, with higher reporting rates for many indicators, compared with 2007. This allowed for more comprehensive global analysis of the health sector’s achievements toward universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care.

This report provides World Health Organization (WHO) member states with guidance on preventing TB transmission in healthcare facilities, congregate settings, and households. It focuses on what to do and how to prioritize TB infection control at national levels and includes recommendations for national managerial activities. The report updates or presents new or increased emphasis on the particular administrative and environmental controls to be implemented and on personal protective equipment. It includes a special focus on building design and use of space.

This poster outlines standards of care needed by infants and children who were exposed to HIV and those infected with HIV. It explains that if such children are not tested and treated early, HIV infection causes rapidly progressive disease and high mortality in early childhood. It emphasizes the need to test these children for HIV; regular monitoring; treatment if infected; immunizations and other means of preventing illness; screening for and, if necessary, treatment for TB.

This report describes a study that determined whether differences in national trends in tuberculosis (TB) incidence are attributable to the variable success of control programs or to biological, social, and economic factors. Trends in case notifications were used as a measure of trends in incidence in 135 countries from 1997-2006, and regression analysis was used to explore the associations between these trends and 32 measures covering aspects of development, the economy, the population, behavioral and biological risk factors, health services, and TB control.

This monograph presents purchase specifications and procurement guidelines for male latex condoms to ensure the highest level of safety for high volume purchases to meet the needs of harsh environmental conditions and the probability of less than ideal storage conditions. It describes a systematic process to support the manufacture, prequalification, procurement, and distribution that can meet the needs of different populations.