This report presents guidelines to provide a framework for methods used in measuring HIV prevalence among patients with TB and to encourage HIV surveillance. The report discusses the objectives of surveillance and explains the three main methods for HIV surveillance among TB patients: the surveillance method (data from the routine testing of TB patients), periodic special surveys (usually conducted among pregnant women), and the sentinel method (TB patients are routinely tested at selected sentinel sites).

This report discusses substitution maintenance to manage opioid dependence and prevent HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs). The report explains the epidemiology, nature, and cost to society of opioid dependence as well as a definition and rationale for substitution therapy. The report lists the following drugs used in substitution therapy: methadone, buprenorphine, levo alpha acetyl methadol (LAAM), dihydrocodeine, and diacetylmorphine and explains how they are used.

This report provides information on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Adherence to Long-term Therapies Project to improve the rates of adherence to therapies used in treating chronic conditions. The report begins by defining the term adherence and the problem of poor adherence, showing how poor adherence affects policy makers and health managers. It presents guidance for countries for improving adherence rates using information derived from lessons learned from reviews and presents the disease-specific reviews. The report also discusses nine chronic conditions that were reviewed.

This report discusses the process used in Indonesia to develop estimates of the number of people infected with HIV. The report discusses the reasons for making national estimates of HIV, the difficulty of making estimates when the disease is concentrated in specific populations whose behavior puts them at high risk of infection and transmission, and the challenges faced by Indonesia. It explains the process used to develop estimates, the ground rules, setting up the spreadsheets, and lessons learned.

This report discusses the process used in Indonesia to develop estimates of the number of people infected with HIV. The report discusses the reasons for making national estimates of HIV, the difficulty of making estimates when the disease is concentrated in specific populations whose behavior puts them at high risk of infection and transmission, and the challenges faced by Indonesia. It explains the process used to develop estimates, the ground rules, setting up the spreadsheets, and lessons learned.

This report discusses the process used in Indonesia to develop estimates of the number of persons with HIV. The report discusses the reasons for making national estimates of HIV, the difficulty of making estimates when the disease is concentrated in specific populations whose behavior puts them at high risk of infection and transmission, and the challenges faced by Indonesia. It explains the process used to develop estimates, the ground rules, setting up the spreadsheets, and lessons learned.

This monograph presents guidelines for the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in pregnant women and for preventing perinatal transmission of HIV to their infants and summarizes programmatic considerations and scientific rationale behind the guidelines. The monograph includes recommendations for ARV treatment for pregnant women and women of childbearing age.

This report describes the progress toward “3 by 5,” the target that 3 million persons with HIV in developing and transitional countries would be receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy by 2005. The report provides measures of progress made by the following countries: Botswana, Cambodia, Cameroon, Haiti, Mozambique, Thailand, and Zambia with support from international partners. It examines how the ARV therapy programs are being structured, the challenges faced by some countries, and how the countries are adapting.

This report presents the points discussed at a global consultation held in January 2004 on ethics and care and treatment for HIV/AIDS. The international consultation was convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).

This report presents guidelines for assessing quality, improvement, and accreditation in caring for persons with HIV. The report explains the rationale behind establishing guidelines, their uses, the purpose of accreditation, and the key principles of the accreditation framework. It lists the major categories of standards for HIV care, describes how the model standards were selected, and explains how to begin using the standards in an HIV care site or organization. The minimum set of standards to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and proposed standards are provided.