This report gives the results of the Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (DRS), conducted between 1996 and 1999, three years after the initial survey of 35 geographical settings, with the aim of collecting worldwide information on drug resistance of Mycobacterium TB.

This monograph describes the major characteristics of the private health sector role in TB care and presents efforts to address the issue. The monograph reports the result of a global situation assessment initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 to investigate the extent and nature of private involvement in TB care. Twenty-three countries in the six WHO regions were visited as part of the assessment. The assessment confirmed a substantial TB caseload and unsatisfactory management practices among private practitioners.

This monograph provides the technical basis to inform and guide the development of national implementation strategies for joint TB and HIV program activities in delivering the available interventions. The monograph describes the background to the global problem of HIV-related TB, and includes a brief review of global HIV epidemiology, the causes of the main burden of HIV-related disease, the epidemiology of HIV-related TB, and the place of TB in the course of progression of HIV infection.

This report discusses the expanded strategic framework of the Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) for control of TB. The report explains the reasons for expanding the DOTS framework and making it a comprehensive support strategy for all providers, patients, and people to tackle the problem of TB and defines the goals, targets, and guiding principles of the framework.

This report presents the World Health Organization's (WHO) expanded strategy to decrease the burden of HIV-related TB. This consists of interventions against TB and HIV with close collaboration between TB and HIV programs. The program promotes voluntary counseling and testing for HIV and TB. WHO is conducting the ProTEST initiative to investigate how HIV voluntary testing can lead to a more effective control of TB in areas with high HIV infection. The report discusses the rationale for the initiative, the elements of this approach, progress, and future direction.

This document for health service organizations outlines a comprehensive strategy for management of human resources for TB control, specifies the role of national TB programs, and the support by international organizations and agencies. Neglect of human resource development has been identified as one of the main constraints to rapid expansion of DOTS and for many years has been synonymous with organizing training courses. This document provides a strategic approach to training or better human resource development beyond the organization of training courses.

This information sheet discusses testing for HIV and counseling as the means of providing treatment and care for those in need. It advises that testing and counseling be scaled up, be accessible in settings where at risk persons may be found, and be offered when a patient shows symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Also, patients should be given prevention information along with testing and counseling.

This information sheet discusses testing for HIV and counseling as the means of providing treatment and care for those in need. It advises that testing and counseling be scaled up, be accessible in settings where at risk persons may be found, and be offered when a patient shows symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Also, patients should be given prevention information along with testing and counseling.

This information sheet discusses testing for HIV and counseling as the means of providing treatment and care for those in need. It advises that testing and counseling be scaled up, be accessible in settings where at risk persons may be found, and be offered when a patient shows symptoms of HIV/AIDS. Also, patients should be given prevention information along with testing and counseling.

This monograph is a toolkit for planning and implementing antiretroviral (ARV) treatment programs in resource-limited settings by providing technical guidance on planning treatment programs. It lists the goals of an ARV treatment program as reducing illnesses and death due to HIV/AIDS, providing safe and effective treatment, working towards providing universal access to treatment, making the best possible use of resources, and integrating ARV treatment with other public health resources.