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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention

The Role of STD Prevention and Treatment in HIV Prevention

This information sheet discusses the link between STDs and HIV. It explains how individuals with STDS have an increased susceptibility to HIV and individuals with HIV have increased infectiousness. The information sheet discusses how STD treatment can slow the spread of HIV and the implications for HIV and STD prevention programs. Information is provided for accessing the services of national health organizations.

TB Elimination: Tuberculin Skin Testing

This information sheet discusses TB testing using the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) to determine whether an individual is infected with Mycobacterium TB. It discusses how the TST is administered, how it is read, how TST reactions are interpreted the classification of the TST skin test reaction, what are false-positive and false-negative reactions, who can receive a TST and how often the test can be repeated, what is a boosted reaction, why two-step testing is conducted, and whether TSTs can be given to persons receiving vaccinations.

Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Interpreting Tuberculin Skin Results

This information sheet discusses targeted tuberculin testing focusing on the groups at highest risk for latent TB infection (LTBI). It advises that testing should be given to those at highest risk for developing TB, and once TB disease has been ruled out, then it should be offered to those who would benefit from LTBI treatment. It also explains the steps that should be taken to ensure completion of the regimen.

Testing for Tuberculosis (TB)

In a question and answer format, this information sheet discusses testing for tuberculosis (TB). There are two kinds of tests that are used to determine if a person has been infected with TB bacteria: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and TB blood tests.

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) - Blood Tests for TB Infection

This information sheet discusses interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), which are whole-blood tests used in diagnosing both latent TB infection and TB disease. It notes that two IGRAs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are commercially available in the United States. The information sheet explains how the IGRAs work; the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of IGRAs; steps in administering these tests; interpretation; recommendations on when to use them; and whether IGRAs can be given to persons receiving vaccinations.

Hepatit A Asisi: Bilmeniz Gerekenler

This information sheet discusses the hepatitis A vaccine. It explains hepatitis A virus infection, its effect on the liver, and its transmission and symptoms, and advises that a vaccine can prevent the disease. The information sheet lists who should get the vaccine and when, who should not get the vaccine or should wait, whether there are any risks or adverse reactions to the vaccine, different types of reactions, and what to do. It describes the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and provides sources of further information.

[Hepatitis A Vaccine: What You Need to Know]

This information sheet discusses the hepatitis A vaccine. It explains hepatitis A virus infection, its effect on the liver, and its transmission and symptoms, and advises that a vaccine can prevent the disease. The information sheet lists who should get the vaccine and when, who should not get the vaccine or should wait, whether there are any risks or adverse reactions to the vaccine, different types of reactions, and what to do. It describes the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and provides sources of further information.

TB Elimination: Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Maximizing Adherence

This information sheet discusses the need for individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) to get treatment and prevent the progression of LTBI to TB disease. It emphasizes the importance of the health care provider communicating the value of LTBI treatment and of identifying barriers to adherence. The information sheet also lists strategies for maximizing adherence including collaborating with community agencies and partnering with local health departmetns and community based organizations that can provide needed resources.

TB Elimination: Treatment Options for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

This information sheet discusses treatment for individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), with the purpose of this treatment being the reduction of the risk that the infection will progress to TB disease. It explains how the health care provider determines whether the individual with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood test result is a candidate for treatment of LTBI and how the most effective regimen is chosen; presents LTBI treatment regimens; and describes monitoring during treatment, drug-drug interactions, particularly for HIV-infected patients, and side effects.

MMWR Analysis Provides New Details on HIV Incidence in U.S. Populations

This information sheet summarizes the key findings of the new analysis of the CDC’s new estimates of the annual number of new HIV infections in the United States. The new analysis was published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report of September 12, 2008. The results of the analysis shows that among gay and bisexual men, young African Americans and Whites in their 30s and 40s are most affected, African American women are more affected than women of other races, and men account for the majority of new HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos.