The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate research on an area of emerging public health significance and improve understanding of the natural history, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of HIV and co-morbid conditions among US children who were born internationally and acquired HIV from their mothers. 

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms delineating the neuropathophysiology of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND) in the setting of long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) conditions using induced microglia and cerebral organoids generated from patient derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. 
 

This NOFO supports the continued focus on identifying and curing persons with TB disease, but also includes the addition of a targeted testing and treatment strategy for LTBI. TB disproportionately affects certain populations, including those who are non-U.S.-born, with HIV infection or diabetes, experiencing homelessness, who are incarcerated, and who use illicit substances.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support innovative studies to identify and understand the immunological responses that mediate protection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection or progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Such responses may be operative in mycobacterial infection, or following vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG) or investigational vaccines. Studies may focus on any stage of mycobacterial infection and may include HIV-infected and/or uninfected individuals.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in people with HIV (PWH), contributing to multiple complications associated with this condition. There is mounting evidence that there are unique mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity in PWH versus people without HIV. Furthermore, the biology of the adipocytes might be altered in overweight or obese PWH versus overweight or obese people without HIV.

NIDA is interested in research that addressing research gaps related to PrEP and its use among substance users, with the goals of improving PrEP management and implementation. Current US Public Health Service PrEP guidelines recommend PrEP for people who inject drugs (PWID) and mention alcohol and illicit drug use as potential concerns for clinical management. Only one clinical trial has evaluated PrEP among PWID and systematic data regarding the broader use of PrEP among substance users are limited.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Research Conference Grant (R13) applications to conduct an annual intensive workshop/conference/meeting that addresses the needs of early stage HIV/AIDS researchers utilizing nonhuman primates (NHPs) as they translate preclinical research from NHPs to human clinical trials.