HIV

This report describes the most recent trends in diagnoses of perinatal HIV infection by race/ethnicity, by summarizing results of analyses of national surveillance data from 34 states from 2004-2007. During 2004-2007, 85 percent of diagnoses of perinatal HIV were in blacks or African Americans (69 percent) or Hispanics or Latinos (16 percent). The average annual rate of diagnoses of perinatal HIV during that time was 12.3 per 100,000 among blacks, 2.1 per 100,000 among Hispanics, and 0.5 per 100,000 among whites.

This report describes HIV testing by the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) to assess HIV case identification, characterize HIV risk factors, and estimate the proportion of detainees who might not have been tested if testing had been delayed. Since 1991, RIDOC has offered testing routinely to every person admitted as part of the initial medical evaluation conducted within 24 hours of jail admission. Records of HIV testing of detainees during 2000-2007 were reviewed. About 102,229 tests were administered, and 169 detainees were diagnosed.

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Stepwise Approach for Detecting, Evaluating, and Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection provides recommendations for the medical management of federal inmates with chronic hepatitis B, or who are otherwise at risk of infection. The treatment of chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy or with hepatocellular carcinoma is beyond the scope of this guideline. For a more in-depth discussion of vaccination strategies and management of blood and body fluid exposures, the reader should refer to the BOP Clinical Practice Guidelines for those topics.

This report provides a short history of the discovery of HIV/AIDS and the present epidemiology and US National HIV/AIDS strategy.

This monograph is a sourcebook that provides information about HIV infection for professionals who work in today’s health care system. It is meant be a convenient reference for some of the most common issues encountered in daily practice. It contains an outline of basic HIV patient care, and a list of resources that can be accessed locally. It presents guidelines and recommendations related to antiretroviral therapy (ART), treatment of opportunistic diseases, HIV testing and counseling, prevention of perinatal transmission, and post-exposure prophylaxis.

This information sheet presents the latest estimates of new HIV infections (HIV incidence) in the United States released by CDC. These estimates are included in the CDC report, "Estimated HIV Incidence among Adults and Adolescents in the United States 2007-2010," which updates previously published estimates for 2007 through 2009. The new estimates indicate two trends: early signs of a decrease in new HIV infections among black women and an increase in new infections among young gay and bisexual men.