Grant Amount: NIH intends to fund an estimate of 8 awards, corresponding to a total of $3.5 million, for fiscal year 2015. The purpose of this initiative is to invite applications that address basic aspects of the persistence of HIV or Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in individuals or animals receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). It is expected that applications supported under this FOA will involve at least one of the following areas of study: cellular, structural or systems biology host and viral genetics, immunology, or virology.